The Science Behind New TV Drama ‘Manhattan’
http://www.worldsciencefestival.com/2014/07/science-behind-new-tv-drama-manhattan-episode-1/-----------------------------------------------
原文部分摘录:
All the main characters—maverick scientist Frank Winter (John Benjamin Hickey), his mentor Glen Babbit (Daniel Stern), newly arrived young scientist Charlie Isaacs (Ashley Zukerman)—are fictional. The Animal House-esque conflict between a scrappy team of scientists working on one design against a snootier upper crust group is also inserted for dramatic effect. But the main plot point introduced in the premiere, the introduction of a potential new design for an atom bomb, is culled from real life.
(这部剧角色大部分是虚构的, 情节是戏剧化的, 但科学背景基于现实. )
...
By the summer of 1943, project scientists were mainly working on “gun-type” designs for atomic bombs, which fired projectiles of uranium or plutonium at targets made of the same material. This design is referred to as the “Thin Man” (in reality and the show).
But Manhattan’s protagonist Frank Winter is inspired to explore an alternate idea of an implosive device that exploits certain properties of compressing the nuclear fuel into a denser core. Inspiration strikes while he’s out hitting golf balls out into the desert.
(关于原子弹的两种设计思路, 原文有更详细的解释. )
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In reality, one of the biggest boosters for the implosion-style nuclear bomb was a Manhattan Project scientist named Seth Neddermeyer, a physicist from Caltech. Neddermeyer was inspired by lectures given by fellow Caltech physicist Richard Tolman. Famed scientist Edward Teller (“father of the hydrogen bomb”) also contributed, but was more interested in pursuing nuclear fusion bombs (and playing Bach and Mozart loudly on his Steinway piano, which did not endear him to his neighbors at Los Alamos).
(因此Frank Winter代表了当时一群科学家, 他们的设计思路是内爆式原子弹, 后来被称为"Fat Man", 被投到了长崎, 另外还有枪式原子弹"Thin Man"和"Little Boy", 其中"小男孩"被投到了广岛, 具体可参考wikipedia相关条目.)
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“I was a theorist and I sat at a desk, and I had an electromechanical calculator that I punched away at,” Glauber says. “I also supervised a group of housewives who did calculations—each of which might take several pages and many days.”
These ladies do show up in the show, and they hearken back to a time when “computer” was more of a job description than the name of a gadget. The computing machines they worked with, called Marchant calculators, were “not much more complex than a slide rule,” says Saltzberg.
(当时的"computer"指的是那些"做计算工作的人", 而不是我们现在概念里的"计算机", 不过那些妇女也可以被看作是"人肉计算机"吧, 哈哈.)
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A Plutonium Delivery in the Desert
www.worldsciencefestival.com/2014/08/manhattan-2/
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胖子和小男孩都是裂变弹,说到热核武器就有点远了。枪式和收聚式只是引爆方式上的不同,本质上都是让两块或多块临界体积以下的U235或Pu239压到一起持续上很短一段时间(其实你用手也能把他们合在一起但来不及完全反应就分开了),后者的效率高一些但实现起来稍微复杂。
第六集查理去site X视察那段和费曼写的《从低处看洛斯阿拉莫斯》他去视察某个工厂的情节很像,那句“这不是窗户,是个阀门”和《别逗了,费曼先生》里一模一样。
所以猜测查理·艾萨克很可能映射的是理查德·费曼。
谢谢LZ的资料,帮大忙了。我只记得胖子不记得瘦子,原来两颗原子弹是不同的理论构架,好奇当今的拥有核武器的国家是不是都在用不同的理论架构做出来这些武器。
貌似中国的热核武器用的是于敏提出的一个新架构,与美国的略有不同。
所以说架构虽然可以不同但是只要对了原理的路子就都能成功引爆?学到知识了~
胖子和小男孩都是裂变弹,说到热核武器就有点远了。枪式和收聚式只是引爆方式上的不同,本质上都是让两块或多块临界体积以下的U235或Pu239压到一起持续上很短一段时间(其实你用手也能把他们合在一起但来不及完全反应就分开了),后者的效率高一些但实现起来稍微复杂。
脑容量略不够去理解大神的话,不过我会去多读一下相关的科普书籍,不知道有什么好推荐?
科普的话下面两本书应该还可以,
揭开核武器的神秘面纱,经福谦 陈俊祥 华欣,清华大学出版社,2002
现代武器装备知识丛书 - 核武器装备,钱绍钧 汪致远,原子能出版社,2003
九院摘了前一本书的内容做了一个系列在这里http://www.caep.ac.cn/hwkp/hwzs/index_2.shtml
层主大好人!准备收书去~
那是氢弹
科普一下氢弹“原理”和“构型”是两个不同的概念。
氢弹原理只有一个半:美国人的“乌拉尔-特勒”原理加上半个苏联人的“千层饼”原理。只所以叫半个是因为那种设计不能点燃任意当量的热核装药,美国那个原理没有这个问题。
构型是在服从原理的基础上可以自由发挥的具体结构实现。比如球柱结构,球球结构,球柱球结构等等。
所以没有什么于敏原理,只有于敏构型。
第六集查理去site X视察那段和费曼写的《从低处看洛斯阿拉莫斯》他去视察某个工厂的情节很像,那句“这不是窗户,是个阀门”和《别逗了,费曼先生》里一模一样。
所以猜测查理·艾萨克很可能映射的是理查德·费曼。
费曼人很乐观搞笑,不像查理·艾萨克。
我觉得更像“黑洞”一词的发明者:约翰·惠勒
不过年纪。。。也可能是winter的原型吧。
好吧。。。查理·艾萨克的确很可能是理查德·费曼。
理查德·费曼的确也是约翰·惠勒的学生。
原子弹是裂变,氢弹是聚变,两者有量级上的差别。聚变是恒星的能量来源,这些科学家真的是“偷取天火的人”。
你的说法不准确。
实际上大威力的氢弹的主要能量释放来源于裂变反应。
不是氢弹初级扳机中的小原子弹,而是在于氢弹次级中“火花塞”结构以及铀238壳层的裂变反应。
pro
谢谢指正,有空再仔细研读
谢谢LZ
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