為什麽?為什麽你們不肯質疑一下這荒唐的結局
这篇影评可能有剧透
這不是影評,只是說明關於現實中Christopher McCandless其人的,應該被知道的重要事實。
也許是我好事,但我認為事實很重要——如果你不是單純地討論電影藝術本身的話。
1,Chris不是誤食毒果而死,是餓死的。
2,他臨終并未寫下『Happiness is to be shared』這樣的話。
Chris的日記中最後寫下的字是:“美麗的藍莓。(Beautiful Bluberries.)”
而他的正式遺言是:我過得很快樂,感謝主。永別了,愿上帝保佑!
(I HAVE HAD A HAPPY LIFE AND THANK THE LORD. GOODBYE AND MAY GOD BLESS ALL!)
那些所謂的『回家』幻覺,所謂的『懺悔』或者『大徹大悟』之類的情感不屬於Chris,是編劇所強加給他(或者說賦予這個角色)的。
Chris的獨行生活和死亡在當時的美國是受到社會關注的事件:一個本應有為的青年逃離社會野外生活,五個月後卻餓死在Denali國家公園。
可以說,電影是用最後杜撰的話來安慰那些想要出離卻不敢出離的人們。
它似乎不好意思告訴這個乖順如羊的社會:那個早死的逆子活得很痛快,並且毫無悔悟之心。
它最後只是帶著小羊領略一下美國大好河山,並且告訴他們珍惜現在乖順平凡的生活——看那隻狼最後都想當羊了。
--------------McCandless死亡事件的紀實---------------
來自:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_McCandless
翻譯得不好,只是為懶人服務:)
英文達人請無視小白翻譯,直接看原文。
8月12日,McCandless在日記上留下了他最後的字跡:“美麗的藍莓。(Beautiful Bluberries.)”
他撕下《Education of Wandering Man(Louis L'Amour自傳)》的最後一頁,其上摘錄了Robinson Jeffers的一首詩:智者於劫(Wise Men in Their Bad Hours):
Death's a fierce meadowlark: but to die having made
Something more equal to centuries
Than muscle and bone, is mostly to shed weakness.
The mountains are dead stone, the people
Admire or hate their stature, their insolent quietness,
The mountains are not softened or troubled
And a few dead men's thoughts have the same temper.
在反面McCandless寫道:我過得很快樂,感謝主。永別了,愿上帝保佑!
1992年9月6日,兩名健行者和一隊獵鹿人在巴士(McCandless最後棲身處)發現這樣一行字:
“S.O.S. 我需要救助。我受了傷,瀕死,我隻身一人,非常虛弱,已無力走出荒野。以上帝之名發誓,這不是惡作劇。請留下來給予救助,我就在附近采集莓果,夜晚就會回來。謝謝。Chris McCandless,八月(?)”
在巴士里的睡袋中發現了他的遺體,估計(死亡時)體重只有67磅。死亡時間是大約兩周前,官方公布的死因是:餓死。
(為McCandless作傳的)傳記作家Jon Krakauer提出McCandless的另外兩種死因。遺體的消瘦是McCandless生前每天冒險狩獵並且所獲甚微導致的。Krakauer堅持認為McCandless的死亡狀態所呈現死因的決不是餓死。
最初,Krakauer宣稱McCandless可能因為誤食有毒果實而死(Hedysarum alpinum),然而多方尸檢報告證明尸體中并無殘留毒素。於是在(McCandless傳記)第二次印刷的版本中他又推測McCandless死於誤食一種有毒菌類(豆状丝核菌)。當然,Krakauer的推測都是毫無證據的,所有法庭紀錄上記載的死因都是『餓死』。
另外一些對McCandless的冒險行為和過度自負不敢茍同的人猜測,他的死因可能是精神疾病:躁郁癥或精神分裂癥。
-----
譯者亂入:
這位傳記作者大概覺得“餓死”的死因很不光彩,會讓他的傳記賣不動吧?
這麼費勁地創造出戲劇化的死因好讓Christ成為希臘悲劇式的英雄?
-----以下為英文原文-----
On August 12, McCandless wrote what are assumed to be his final words in his journal: "Beautiful Blueberries." He tore the final page from Louis L'Amour's memoir, Education of a Wandering Man, which contains an excerpt from a Robinson Jeffers poem entitled "Wise Men in Their Bad Hours":
Death's a fierce meadowlark: but to die having made
Something more equal to centuries
Than muscle and bone, is mostly to shed weakness.
The mountains are dead stone, the people
Admire or hate their stature, their insolent quietness,
The mountains are not softened or troubled
And a few dead men's thoughts have the same temper.
On the other side of the page, McCandless added, "I HAVE HAD A HAPPY LIFE AND THANK THE LORD. GOODBYE AND MAY GOD BLESS ALL!"
On September 6, 1992, two hikers and a group of moose hunters found this note on the door of the bus:
"S.O.S. I need your help. I am injured, near death, and too weak to hike out of here. I am all alone, this is no joke. In the name of God, please remain to save me. I am out collecting berries close by and shall return this evening. Thank you, Chris McCandless. August?"[1]
His body was found in his sleeping bag inside the bus, weighing an estimated sixty-seven pounds. He had been dead for more than two weeks. His official cause of death was starvation.
Biographer Jon Krakauer suggests two factors may have contributed to McCandless's death. First, he was running the risk of starvation due to increased activity, compared with the leanness of the game he was hunting.[4] However, Krakauer insists starvation was not, as McCandless' death certificate states, the primary cause of death. Initially, Krakauer claimed McCandless might have ingested toxic seeds (Hedysarum alpinum). However, extensive laboratory testing proves conclusively there was no alkaloid toxin present in McCandless' food supplies. In later editions of the book, therefore, Krakauer has speculated a fungus Rhizoctonia leguminicola , which may have increased the toxicity, could have grown on the seeds McCandless ate. However, there remains no evidence to support Krakauer's theory, and all forensic data suggest starvation.
Others have speculated that McCandless' risk-taking and overconfident behavior which led to his death stemmed from an untreated mental illness, such as bipolar disorder or schizophrenia.[5]
------另外轉載一篇翻譯:Christopher Johnson McCandless生平簡介-------
http://guangfeiliu.spaces.live.com/Blog/cns!62DC2DBFD9A4D3EE!1497.entry
Christopher Johnson McCandless (1968.2.12-1992.8.18)
从小在Virginia的Annandale长大,父亲Walt McCandless是一名为NASA工作的天线专家。母亲Wihelmina Billie Johnson最早是父亲的秘书,后来帮助他开了家很成功的咨询公司。从小时候开始, Chris的老师就发现他有着非同寻常的意志力。随着他慢慢长大,更增添了强烈的理想主义和身体耐力。在高中的时候他是跨县联队的队长,他鼓励队友将跑步视为一种精神锻炼——“奔跑着以反抗黑暗的力量,世上所有的邪恶和仇恨”。
1986年,Chris毕业于W.T. Woodson高中,1990年毕业于Emory大学的历史和人类学专业。他不错的背景和学业成绩掩盖了他愈发增长的对美国社会空虚的物质主义的蔑视。Jack London,Leo Tolstoy和Henry David Thoreau的作品对他影响很大,他梦想着离开社会过上Thoreau那种独居静修的生活。
大学毕业后,他将自己积攒的25k$全部捐给了著名的慈善机构Oxfam International,开始以Alexander Supertramp的名字旅行。他途径Arizona,California和South Dakota——他在那儿的一个谷仓工作了一段。Chris在定居和独居的状态间交替生活,有时候他在现实社会中做一份工过群居生活,有时候则过着没钱、几乎不与人接触的日子,有时候在野外找些吃的。他经历了几次冒险,如在洪水泥石流中丢了自己的车,划独木舟沿Colorado River而下直奔California湾。Chris以这些最低装备的冒险为傲,一般不做特殊准备。
多年来他一直有一个去Alaska冒险的梦想。离开大陆,离开文明社会,带一本旅行日志记述自己面对自然的力量的时候的身心。1992年4月,他一路搭便车来到Alaska的Fairbanks。最后见到他的人是James Gallien,他驾车将Chris从Fairbanks载到Stampede Trail。Gallien特别关心这个没什么装备,又对Alaska荒原没什么经验的Alex,他试图劝说Alex推迟这次旅行,甚至要载他到Anchorage去购买些装备。但McCandless拒绝了他的帮助,只收下了一双橡皮靴,两个金枪鱼三明治和一袋棉签。在徒步Stampede Trial一阵子后他在Denali国家公园附近发现了一个被猎人们废弃了的公共汽车,开始了他的独居生活。他当时有袋10磅大米,一支Remington半自动步枪和不少22LR子弹,一本关于当地植物的书,其他一些书籍以及一些露营设备。他认为自己能靠采集植物和打猎活下去。尽管他没多少打猎经验,还是捕猎到了些小动物如豪猪和鸟类。有次他成功地猎到头驼鹿,但没能成功地将剩余的肉保存好。在当地人们通常将肉切成细条后再风干,而他却按照在South Dakota遇到的猎人朋友的建议,试图用烟熏的方法。他的旅行日志总共记录了113天,从喜到忧。7月的时候,他已经成功地在公车上生活几个月了,当他打算离开的时候,发现由于Teklanika River涨水,路已经不在了。
1992年9月6日,两个徒步者和一群驼鹿猎人在公车门上发现了如下字条
"S.O.S. I need your help. I am injured, near death, and too weak to hike out of here. I am all alone, this is no joke. In the name of God, please remain to save me. I am out collecting berries close by and shall return this evening. Thank you, Chris McCandless. August?"
8月12日,他撕下Louis L’Amour’s memoir, Education of Wandering Man的尾页,写下了最后的话
"Death's a fierce meadowlark but to die having made Something more equal to centuries Than muscle and bone, is mostly to shed weakness. The mountains are dead stone, the people Admire or hate their stature, their insolent quietness, The mountains are not softened or troubled And a few dead men's thoughts have the same temper."
在纸的另一面,他又写道"I HAVE HAD A HAPPY LIFE AND THANK THE LORD. GOODBYE AND MAY GOD BLESS ALL!"
人们在公车里发现他在睡袋里的尸体,仅剩下67磅(30 公斤)。当时他已经死亡两周,死因——饿死的。传记作家Jon Krakauer提出Chris是中毒而死,但尸检并未发现可以支持的证据。
Krakauer的书把Chris推向了一个高度,他成了许多人心目中的英雄人物。2002年,那辆废弃公车更成了旅游景点,许多人慕名而来。许多年轻人也踏着他的脚步,涌向Alaska,重走他的路。
而另一方面,当地居民则对Chris和对他的宣传抱有负面看法。他连一份地图都不携带的做法令人不敢苟同,这无异于自杀。要知道,在距离Stampede Trial 6英里外,就有手动缆车可以跨过涨水的河流。而公车几英里外也有一个装满紧急救生物资的小屋(尽管小屋已被破坏,物资也都被糟蹋了——人们认为可能就是Chris干的)。
也許是我好事,但我認為事實很重要——如果你不是單純地討論電影藝術本身的話。
1,Chris不是誤食毒果而死,是餓死的。
2,他臨終并未寫下『Happiness is to be shared』這樣的話。
Chris的日記中最後寫下的字是:“美麗的藍莓。(Beautiful Bluberries.)”
而他的正式遺言是:我過得很快樂,感謝主。永別了,愿上帝保佑!
(I HAVE HAD A HAPPY LIFE AND THANK THE LORD. GOODBYE AND MAY GOD BLESS ALL!)
那些所謂的『回家』幻覺,所謂的『懺悔』或者『大徹大悟』之類的情感不屬於Chris,是編劇所強加給他(或者說賦予這個角色)的。
Chris的獨行生活和死亡在當時的美國是受到社會關注的事件:一個本應有為的青年逃離社會野外生活,五個月後卻餓死在Denali國家公園。
可以說,電影是用最後杜撰的話來安慰那些想要出離卻不敢出離的人們。
它似乎不好意思告訴這個乖順如羊的社會:那個早死的逆子活得很痛快,並且毫無悔悟之心。
它最後只是帶著小羊領略一下美國大好河山,並且告訴他們珍惜現在乖順平凡的生活——看那隻狼最後都想當羊了。
--------------McCandless死亡事件的紀實---------------
來自:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_McCandless
翻譯得不好,只是為懶人服務:)
英文達人請無視小白翻譯,直接看原文。
8月12日,McCandless在日記上留下了他最後的字跡:“美麗的藍莓。(Beautiful Bluberries.)”
他撕下《Education of Wandering Man(Louis L'Amour自傳)》的最後一頁,其上摘錄了Robinson Jeffers的一首詩:智者於劫(Wise Men in Their Bad Hours):
Death's a fierce meadowlark: but to die having made
Something more equal to centuries
Than muscle and bone, is mostly to shed weakness.
The mountains are dead stone, the people
Admire or hate their stature, their insolent quietness,
The mountains are not softened or troubled
And a few dead men's thoughts have the same temper.
在反面McCandless寫道:我過得很快樂,感謝主。永別了,愿上帝保佑!
1992年9月6日,兩名健行者和一隊獵鹿人在巴士(McCandless最後棲身處)發現這樣一行字:
“S.O.S. 我需要救助。我受了傷,瀕死,我隻身一人,非常虛弱,已無力走出荒野。以上帝之名發誓,這不是惡作劇。請留下來給予救助,我就在附近采集莓果,夜晚就會回來。謝謝。Chris McCandless,八月(?)”
在巴士里的睡袋中發現了他的遺體,估計(死亡時)體重只有67磅。死亡時間是大約兩周前,官方公布的死因是:餓死。
(為McCandless作傳的)傳記作家Jon Krakauer提出McCandless的另外兩種死因。遺體的消瘦是McCandless生前每天冒險狩獵並且所獲甚微導致的。Krakauer堅持認為McCandless的死亡狀態所呈現死因的決不是餓死。
最初,Krakauer宣稱McCandless可能因為誤食有毒果實而死(Hedysarum alpinum),然而多方尸檢報告證明尸體中并無殘留毒素。於是在(McCandless傳記)第二次印刷的版本中他又推測McCandless死於誤食一種有毒菌類(豆状丝核菌)。當然,Krakauer的推測都是毫無證據的,所有法庭紀錄上記載的死因都是『餓死』。
另外一些對McCandless的冒險行為和過度自負不敢茍同的人猜測,他的死因可能是精神疾病:躁郁癥或精神分裂癥。
-----
譯者亂入:
這位傳記作者大概覺得“餓死”的死因很不光彩,會讓他的傳記賣不動吧?
這麼費勁地創造出戲劇化的死因好讓Christ成為希臘悲劇式的英雄?
-----以下為英文原文-----
On August 12, McCandless wrote what are assumed to be his final words in his journal: "Beautiful Blueberries." He tore the final page from Louis L'Amour's memoir, Education of a Wandering Man, which contains an excerpt from a Robinson Jeffers poem entitled "Wise Men in Their Bad Hours":
Death's a fierce meadowlark: but to die having made
Something more equal to centuries
Than muscle and bone, is mostly to shed weakness.
The mountains are dead stone, the people
Admire or hate their stature, their insolent quietness,
The mountains are not softened or troubled
And a few dead men's thoughts have the same temper.
On the other side of the page, McCandless added, "I HAVE HAD A HAPPY LIFE AND THANK THE LORD. GOODBYE AND MAY GOD BLESS ALL!"
On September 6, 1992, two hikers and a group of moose hunters found this note on the door of the bus:
"S.O.S. I need your help. I am injured, near death, and too weak to hike out of here. I am all alone, this is no joke. In the name of God, please remain to save me. I am out collecting berries close by and shall return this evening. Thank you, Chris McCandless. August?"[1]
His body was found in his sleeping bag inside the bus, weighing an estimated sixty-seven pounds. He had been dead for more than two weeks. His official cause of death was starvation.
Biographer Jon Krakauer suggests two factors may have contributed to McCandless's death. First, he was running the risk of starvation due to increased activity, compared with the leanness of the game he was hunting.[4] However, Krakauer insists starvation was not, as McCandless' death certificate states, the primary cause of death. Initially, Krakauer claimed McCandless might have ingested toxic seeds (Hedysarum alpinum). However, extensive laboratory testing proves conclusively there was no alkaloid toxin present in McCandless' food supplies. In later editions of the book, therefore, Krakauer has speculated a fungus Rhizoctonia leguminicola , which may have increased the toxicity, could have grown on the seeds McCandless ate. However, there remains no evidence to support Krakauer's theory, and all forensic data suggest starvation.
Others have speculated that McCandless' risk-taking and overconfident behavior which led to his death stemmed from an untreated mental illness, such as bipolar disorder or schizophrenia.[5]
------另外轉載一篇翻譯:Christopher Johnson McCandless生平簡介-------
http://guangfeiliu.spaces.live.com/Blog/cns!62DC2DBFD9A4D3EE!1497.entry
Christopher Johnson McCandless (1968.2.12-1992.8.18)
从小在Virginia的Annandale长大,父亲Walt McCandless是一名为NASA工作的天线专家。母亲Wihelmina Billie Johnson最早是父亲的秘书,后来帮助他开了家很成功的咨询公司。从小时候开始, Chris的老师就发现他有着非同寻常的意志力。随着他慢慢长大,更增添了强烈的理想主义和身体耐力。在高中的时候他是跨县联队的队长,他鼓励队友将跑步视为一种精神锻炼——“奔跑着以反抗黑暗的力量,世上所有的邪恶和仇恨”。
1986年,Chris毕业于W.T. Woodson高中,1990年毕业于Emory大学的历史和人类学专业。他不错的背景和学业成绩掩盖了他愈发增长的对美国社会空虚的物质主义的蔑视。Jack London,Leo Tolstoy和Henry David Thoreau的作品对他影响很大,他梦想着离开社会过上Thoreau那种独居静修的生活。
大学毕业后,他将自己积攒的25k$全部捐给了著名的慈善机构Oxfam International,开始以Alexander Supertramp的名字旅行。他途径Arizona,California和South Dakota——他在那儿的一个谷仓工作了一段。Chris在定居和独居的状态间交替生活,有时候他在现实社会中做一份工过群居生活,有时候则过着没钱、几乎不与人接触的日子,有时候在野外找些吃的。他经历了几次冒险,如在洪水泥石流中丢了自己的车,划独木舟沿Colorado River而下直奔California湾。Chris以这些最低装备的冒险为傲,一般不做特殊准备。
多年来他一直有一个去Alaska冒险的梦想。离开大陆,离开文明社会,带一本旅行日志记述自己面对自然的力量的时候的身心。1992年4月,他一路搭便车来到Alaska的Fairbanks。最后见到他的人是James Gallien,他驾车将Chris从Fairbanks载到Stampede Trail。Gallien特别关心这个没什么装备,又对Alaska荒原没什么经验的Alex,他试图劝说Alex推迟这次旅行,甚至要载他到Anchorage去购买些装备。但McCandless拒绝了他的帮助,只收下了一双橡皮靴,两个金枪鱼三明治和一袋棉签。在徒步Stampede Trial一阵子后他在Denali国家公园附近发现了一个被猎人们废弃了的公共汽车,开始了他的独居生活。他当时有袋10磅大米,一支Remington半自动步枪和不少22LR子弹,一本关于当地植物的书,其他一些书籍以及一些露营设备。他认为自己能靠采集植物和打猎活下去。尽管他没多少打猎经验,还是捕猎到了些小动物如豪猪和鸟类。有次他成功地猎到头驼鹿,但没能成功地将剩余的肉保存好。在当地人们通常将肉切成细条后再风干,而他却按照在South Dakota遇到的猎人朋友的建议,试图用烟熏的方法。他的旅行日志总共记录了113天,从喜到忧。7月的时候,他已经成功地在公车上生活几个月了,当他打算离开的时候,发现由于Teklanika River涨水,路已经不在了。
1992年9月6日,两个徒步者和一群驼鹿猎人在公车门上发现了如下字条
"S.O.S. I need your help. I am injured, near death, and too weak to hike out of here. I am all alone, this is no joke. In the name of God, please remain to save me. I am out collecting berries close by and shall return this evening. Thank you, Chris McCandless. August?"
8月12日,他撕下Louis L’Amour’s memoir, Education of Wandering Man的尾页,写下了最后的话
"Death's a fierce meadowlark but to die having made Something more equal to centuries Than muscle and bone, is mostly to shed weakness. The mountains are dead stone, the people Admire or hate their stature, their insolent quietness, The mountains are not softened or troubled And a few dead men's thoughts have the same temper."
在纸的另一面,他又写道"I HAVE HAD A HAPPY LIFE AND THANK THE LORD. GOODBYE AND MAY GOD BLESS ALL!"
人们在公车里发现他在睡袋里的尸体,仅剩下67磅(30 公斤)。当时他已经死亡两周,死因——饿死的。传记作家Jon Krakauer提出Chris是中毒而死,但尸检并未发现可以支持的证据。
Krakauer的书把Chris推向了一个高度,他成了许多人心目中的英雄人物。2002年,那辆废弃公车更成了旅游景点,许多人慕名而来。许多年轻人也踏着他的脚步,涌向Alaska,重走他的路。
而另一方面,当地居民则对Chris和对他的宣传抱有负面看法。他连一份地图都不携带的做法令人不敢苟同,这无异于自杀。要知道,在距离Stampede Trial 6英里外,就有手动缆车可以跨过涨水的河流。而公车几英里外也有一个装满紧急救生物资的小屋(尽管小屋已被破坏,物资也都被糟蹋了——人们认为可能就是Chris干的)。